In, a push-button was used to increase the space between two endoscopic cameras to widen the FoV. In, a trocar–camera assembly deployed four miniaturised cameras, increasing the FoV of a 10 mm endoscope by 51%. Preliminary works have shown a reduction in operating time, in the number of commands of a robotic endoscope holder, and a faster reaction to adverse events in a testbench environment. In, a modified trocar with two miniature cameras was evaluated through animal experiments. We provide public access to the simulated environment and dataset.Ī recent approach developed to increase the FoV relies on the use of multi-camera systems, in which multiple miniature cameras are used conjointly to increase the single endoscope’s FoV. We highlight the main advantages and flaws of each algorithm within a laparoscopic context, identify the main remaining challenges that are specific to laparoscopy, and propose methods to improve these approaches. We show that classical techniques that use global homography fail to provide a clinically satisfactory rendering and that even the most recent techniques, despite providing high quality panorama images in non-medical situations, may suffer from poor alignment or severe distortions in simulated laparoscopic scenarios. We evaluated classical and state-of-the-art image stitching techniques used in non-medical applications on this dataset, including one unsupervised deep learning approach. We developed a simulated environment to generate a dataset of multi-view images displaying a wide range of laparoscopic situations, which is adaptable to any multi-camera system. The more recent state-of-the-art algorithms, mainly designed for the smartphone industry, have not yet been evaluated in laparoscopic conditions. Multi-camera prototypes for laparoscopy use quite basic algorithms and have only been evaluated on simple laparoscopic scenarios. The video streams are stitched together to create a panorama that is easier for the surgeon to comprehend. Multi-camera systems were recently introduced into laparoscopy to increase the narrow field of view of the surgeon.
Before you start, gather data on your lenses from manuals or online Hugin can use it to improve its results.įrom /Hugin/3000-2192_4-75221490. We especially like the way you can load and save data on multiple lenses and apply them to a single project.
It's easy to see how, with more input, it's possible to create large, detailed panoramic images that look like they were shot with special lenses and equipment instead of a pocket-size digital camera or even a cellphone.Īs we noted, Hugin is a large package for freeware, and it seems more than capable of handling professional demands as well as putting a top-quality photographic tool in the average user's hands.
We created a small but satisfactory panoramic image that opened in Windows Photo Viewer when we clicked it. Make no mistake: Hugin is an extremely capable tool, with commensurate complexities, but never did we feel overwhelmed by its options or processes. With our images loaded into the assistant queue, we began walking through the various steps involved in selecting, aligning, and stitching together images and rendering them as a single exposure. We added some images from our library, a process that lets you load saved data on your camera's lens and helps Hugin automatically configure its panoramic effects. The program's tabbed interface starts with the wizard-like Assistant and progresses through Images, Camera and Lens, Crop, Mask, Control Points,
If you don't have a series of images suitable for creating a panorama, get out your camera and shoot four images all around you Hugin will make good use of them. Despite its size and capability, Hugin is also portable. Unlike many other tools, it can consider your camera model and the shape of its lens in creating panoramas, which helps reduce image distortion. It takes your digital snapshots or other series of similar images and stitches them together to form a single, seamless panoramic image.
It's a large, flexible, and capable application that is based on the same open-source code as many expensive pro-level tools, but Hugin is freeware. Hugin is a panoramic photo tool from Ippei UKAI.